Zero tillage has important consequences for soil pore architecture and hydraulic transport: A review

Following the adoption of zero-tillage (ZT) from conventional tillage (CT), soil pore network undergoes immediate and significant changes. As remains undisturbed for an extended period, a structure emerges that is primarily generated stabilised by both biotic abiotic processes. There limited understanding concerning how ZT influences porous architecture associated hydraulic properties, specifically over what timeframe these changes occur. Since previous synthesis such information 20-years ago, there has been substantial number new investigations aimed at addressing this knowledge gap. Here we review 34 papers illustrate can influence porosity depending on texture, size class, depth time, also important transport mechanisms likely to impact fate agrochemicals in soils. We found decreased macroporosity surface layers under when compared with CT. In addition, connectivity tended increase though effects were less clear. Our investigation reveals value prospective examination evolving visually functionally across temporal spatial scales. highlight necessity standardised methodology aid future data compatibility quantitative analysis.